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2023

Artículo Materias > Ciencias Sociales
Materias > Educación
Universidad Internacional do Cuanza > Investigación > Producción Científica Abierto Portugués O quadro legal angolano para o subsistema de ensino superior cresceu significativamente desde 2009, um crescimento que tem estado a visar o aumento da transparência e da qualidade dos processos educacionais nas instituições de ensino superior (IES) angolanas. Entretanto, a qualidade do ensino superior em Angola não sofreu melhorias significativas por não se estar a cumprir escrupulosamente com o quadro legal de forma sistemática, o que tem resultado em encerramentos de cursos e instituições do ensino superior. Este artigo tem como objetivo principal desenvolver um instrumento de auto- monitorização da conformidade legal que pode ajudar as IES angolanas a tirarem mais proveito do quadro legal do ensino superior. Por intermédio de um levantamento bibliográfico das leis relevantes ao ensino superior em Angola, a identificação de obrigações legais nestas e o desenvolvimento de uma série de tabelas de verificação de conformidade, este estudo apresenta uma checklist de auto verificação da conformidade entre o funcionamento das instituições do ensino superior e o quadro legal relevante ao ensino superior em Angola. Pela utilização deste instrumento, foi possível dissecar as obrigações legais em requisitos ou critérios. Foi também possível estabelecer três graus de conformidade legal, nomeadamente: total, parcial e nenhuma. Notou-se, de igual forma, a existência de um total de 83 obrigações legais das instituições do ensino superior em Angola, sendo os regulamentos e as normas as fontes do maior número de obrigações. Destes, existem entre cinco a quinze requisitos legais por obrigação, perfazendo um volume enorme de requisitos legais com os quais as IES em Angola devem mostrar conformidade legal. A aplicação da checklist permite a gestão desse leque diverso e numeroso de requisitos específicos legais. São sugeridas várias medidas complementares ao quadro legal que devem ser implementadas em Angola com o intuito de se criar uma cultura de conformidade legal no ensino superior, promovendo-se, deste modo, a sua qualidade. metadata da Costa Canoquena, João Manuel; Castro Rodríguez, María Elena y Moreira Cabrera, Yanisleidy mail joao.canoquena@unic.co.ao, maria.rodriguez@unic.co.ao, yanisleidy.cabrera@unic.co.ao (2023) Conformidade legal no ensino superior em Angola: criação de um instrumento de gestão das obrigações legais. Sapientiae, 8 (2). pp. 203-226. ISSN 2183-5063

Artículo Materias > Ciencias Sociales Universidad Europea del Atlántico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Fundación Universitaria Internacional de Colombia > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Puerto Rico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional do Cuanza > Investigación > Producción Científica
Abierto Inglés In the last two decades, there is an increasingly broad line of studies that warn about the emotional health of journalists and the challenges that it poses for communication professionals to be able to separate work issues from their personal lives. The coverage of COVID-19 exposed many journalists to situations of frustration, discomfort and stress for various reasons: long working hours, not having the appropriate technological material, added to an environment of uncertainty caused by the pandemic. This study aims to examine the possible scope of technostress –in some cases associated to digital divide– in journalists and analyze if they are aware of the uses of care of the self as a way to deal with stressful situations. For this, our research is based on documentary analysis, a survey answered by (50) fifty Argentinean journalists, and twelve (12) in-depth interviews to experienced journalists. Our findings suggest that constant exposure to computers and smartphones during the lockdown together with difficulties to connect to Internet or to have the adequate materials and the lack of coping strategies –as the care of the self– confirms the presence of technostress. Another result that emerges from this research, it should be addressed in future studies, is that some journalists’ reactions about care of the self could respond to the third person effect theory to maintain high self-esteem and not demonstrate vulnerability. metadata Escudero, Carolina; Prola, Thomas; Soriano Flores, Emmanuel y Silva Alvarado, Eduardo René mail SIN ESPECIFICAR, thomas.prola@uneatlantico.es, emmanuel.soriano@uneatlantico.es, eduardo.silva@funiber.org (2023) The Scope of Technostress and Care of The Self on Journalists During the Pandemic. Przestrzeń Społeczna (Social Space), 23 (4). pp. 20-43. ISSN 20841558

Artículo Materias > Ciencias Sociales Universidad Europea del Atlántico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Puerto Rico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional do Cuanza > Investigación > Producción Científica
Abierto Inglés The primary objectives of this research article were twofold. Firstly, to categorise a total of 294 individuals who aspired to three distinct competency profiles associated with the supervision of international car sales (SPV). Secondly, to prioritise the criteria used for measurement and assess the level of satisfaction attained following the provision of targeted online training for each respective position. Segmentation was performed using the K-Means algorithm on a Likert scale importance questionnaire. Satisfaction indicators were derived by applying fuzzy set methods to the results of a satisfaction questionnaire, also using a Likert scale. The measurement criteria did not show any clear negative perceptions. The overall satisfaction index was 0.7, which was supported by classic statistics and placed in a high category. Additionally, a variable analysis revealed that candidates from the Euro-Asian region exhibited significantly low levels of satisfaction. However, no significant associations were observed between satisfaction levels and gender, income profile, completed training action, or age groups. The researchers rigorously employed a methodology that included assessing the validity and reliability of the instrument. A review of relevant literature also supported the analysis of the results. These findings suggest that the method could be applied to other multidisciplinary programmes to make informed decisions in the field of training. metadata Brito Ballester, Julién; Gracia Villar, Mónica; Soriano Flores, Emmanuel y García Villena, Eduardo mail julien.brito@uneatlantico.es, monica.gracia@uneatlantico.es, emmanuel.soriano@uneatlantico.es, eduardo.garcia@uneatlantico.es (2023) Use of Fuzzy Approach Methodology and Consensus in Creating a Hierarchy of Satisfaction for Measurement Criteria: Application to Online Training Actions Directed at Classification by Key Competency Profiles in Sales Supervision (SPV) within the Automotive. International Journal of Operations and Quantitative Management, 29 (2). pp. 223-251.

2022

Artículo Materias > Ciencias Sociales
Materias > Ingeniería
Universidad Europea del Atlántico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Fundación Universitaria Internacional de Colombia > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Puerto Rico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional do Cuanza > Investigación > Producción Científica
Abierto Inglés Innovation plays a pivotal role in the progress and goodwill of an organization, and its ability to thrive. Consequently, the impact analysis of innovation on the performance of an organization holds great importance. This paper presents a two-stage analytical framework to examine the impact of business innovation on a firm’s performance, especially firms from the manufacturing sector. The prime objective is to identify the factors that have an impact on firm-level innovation, and to examine the impact of firm-level innovation on business performance. The framework and its analysis are based on the latest World Bank enterprise survey, with a sample size of 696 manufacturing firms. The first stage of the proposed framework establishes the analytical results through Bivariate Probit, which indicates that research and development (R&D) has a significantly positive impact on the product, process, marketing, and organizational innovations. It thus highlights the important role of the allocation of lump-sum amounts for R&D activities. The statistical analysis shows that innovation does not depend on the size of the firms. Moreover, the older firms are found to be wiser at conducting R&D than newer firms that are reluctant to take risks. The second stage of the proposed framework separately analyzes the impacts of the product and organizational innovation, and the process and marketing innovation on the firm performance, and finds them to be statistically significant and insignificant, respectively. metadata Aslam, Mahrukh; Shafi, Imran; Ahmad, Jamil; Álvarez, Roberto Marcelo; Miró Vera, Yini Airet; Soriano Flores, Emmanuel y Ashraf, Imran mail SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, roberto.alvarez@uneatlantico.es, yini.miro@uneatlantico.es, emmanuel.soriano@uneatlantico.es, SIN ESPECIFICAR (2022) An Analytical Framework for Innovation Determinants and Their Impact on Business Performance. Sustainability, 15 (1). p. 458. ISSN 2071-1050

Artículo Materias > Ciencias Sociales Universidad Europea del Atlántico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Fundación Universitaria Internacional de Colombia > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Puerto Rico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional do Cuanza > Investigación > Producción Científica
Abierto Inglés This article proposes a discussion on the form of coexistence of local Development Agencies in Uruguay, with local governments in the face of the new scenarios marked by the decentralization process, initiated in the country with the Constitutional Reform of 1996 and culminating in February 2009, with the Law of Political Decentralization and Citizen Participation. The discussion applies in particular to the local development agency of the city of Rivera (ADR), located in the northeast of the country. A descriptive, mixed, bibliographic, documentary investigation was carried out with primary data collection to internal and external references to ADR. The results show that the coexistence of both institutions has been difficult, without defining clear roles. Promoting dialogue to define the role of each seems to be the great challenge facing the sustainability of the agency metadata Garat de Marin, Mirtha Silvana; Soriano Flores, Emmanuel; Rodríguez Velasco, Carmen Lilí; Silva Alvarado, Eduardo; Calderón Iglesias, Rubén; Álvarez, Roberto Marcelo y Gracia Villar, Santos mail silvana.marin@uneatlantico.es, emmanuel.soriano@uneatlantico.es, carmen.rodriguez@uneatlantico.es, SIN ESPECIFICAR, ruben.calderon@uneatlantico.es, roberto.alvarez@uneatlantico.es, santos.gracia@uneatlantico.es (2022) Development Agencies and Local Governments—Coexistence within the Same Territory. Social Sciences, 11 (9). p. 398. ISSN 2076-0760

Artículo Materias > Ciencias Sociales
Materias > Ingeniería
Universidad Europea del Atlántico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Puerto Rico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional do Cuanza > Investigación > Producción Científica
Abierto Inglés Financial management is a critical aspect of firms, and entails the strategic planning, direction, and control of financial endeavors. Risk assessment, fraud detection, wealth management, online transactions, customized bond scheme, customer retention, virtual assistant and so on, are a few of the critical areas where Industry 4.0 technologies intervention are highly required for managing firms' finance. It has been identified from the previous studies that they are limited studies that have addressed the significance and application of integrating of Industry 4.0 technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, big data, robotic process automation (RPA), artificial intelligence (AI), Blockchain, Digital twin, and Metaverse. With the motivation from the above aspects, this study aims to discuss the role of these technologies in the area of financial management of a firm. Based up on the analysis, it has been concluded that these technologies assist to credit risk management based on real-time data; financial data analytics of risk assessment, digital finance, digital auditing, fraud detection, and AI- and IoT- based virtual assistants. This study recommended that digital technologies be deeply integrated into the financial sector to improve service quality and accessibility, as well as the creation of innovative rules that allow for healthy competition among market participants. metadata Bisht, Deepa; Singh, Rajesh; Gehlot, Anita; Akram, Shaik Vaseem; Singh, Aman; Caro Montero, Elisabeth; Priyadarshi, Neeraj y Twala, Bhekisipho mail SIN ESPECIFICAR (2022) Imperative Role of Integrating Digitalization in the Firms Finance: A Technological Perspective. Electronics, 11 (19). p. 3252. ISSN 2079-9292

Artículo Materias > Ciencias Sociales Universidad Europea del Atlántico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Fundación Universitaria Internacional de Colombia > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Puerto Rico > Investigación > Producción Científica
Universidad Internacional do Cuanza > Investigación > Producción Científica
Abierto Inglés Angola, as with many countries on the African continent, has great inequalities or asymmetries between its provinces. At the economic, financial, and technological level, there is a great disparity between them, where it is observed that the province of Luanda is the largest financial business center to the detriment of others, such as Moxico, Zaire, and Cabinda. In the latter, despite the advantages of high oil production, from a regional point of view, they remain almost stagnant in time, in a social dysfunction where the population lives on extractivism and artisanal fishing. This article analyzes the most important events in contemporary regional history, the Portuguese occupation that was the Portuguese colonial rule over Angola (1890–1930) and the civil war that was a struggle between Angolans for control of the country (1975–2002), in the consolidation of the asymmetries between provinces. For this work, a theoretical-reflective study was conducted based on the reading of books, articles, and previous investigations on the phenomenon studied. Considering the interpretation and analysis of the theoretical content obtained through the bibliographic research conducted, this theoretical construction approaches the qualitative approach. We conclude that the deep inequalities between regions and within them, between the provinces studied, originated historically in the form of exploitation of the regions and from the consequences of the war. The asymmetries, observed through the variables studied show that the provinces historically explored and considered object regions present a lower growth compared to those that were considered subject regions in which the applied geopolitical strategy, as they are centers of primary production flows, was different. We also observe that, due to the conflicts of the civil war in the less developed regions, the inequalities have deepened, contributing seriously to a higher level of poverty and a lower development of the provinces where these conflicts took place. metadata Catoto Capitango, João Adolfo; Garat de Marin, Mirtha Silvana; Soriano Flores, Emmanuel; Rojo Gutiérrez, Marco Antonio; Gracia Villar, Mónica y Durántez Prados, Frigdiano Álvaro mail SIN ESPECIFICAR, silvana.marin@uneatlantico.es, emmanuel.soriano@uneatlantico.es, marco.rojo@unini.edu.mx, monica.gracia@uneatlantico.es, durantez@uneatlantico.es (2022) Inequalities and Asymmetries in the Development of Angola’s Provinces: The Impact of Colonialism and Civil War. Social Sciences, 11 (8). p. 334. ISSN 2076-0760

Revista Materias > Ciencias Sociales Universidad Europea del Atlántico > Investigación > Revistas Científicas
Fundación Universitaria Internacional de Colombia > Investigación > Revistas Científicas
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Revistas Científicas
Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Puerto Rico > Investigación > Revistas Científicas
Universidad Internacional do Cuanza > Investigación > Revistas Científicas
Abierto Español MLS - Law and International politics (MLSLIP) es una publicación de periodicidad semestral con el objetivo de ser un canal que contribuya a la discusión, el intercambio de conocimiento y el debate entre académicos, responsables de política pública, empresarios, tecnólogos, científicos y los distintos actores interesados en temas de Derecho y Política, que deriven en el crecimiento del conocimiento científico de esas ciencias, producto de trabajo vinculado entre sectores público, privado y académico. MLS - Law and International politics (MLSLIP) se enfoca también en colaboraciones que engloben avances en materia de ciencia jurídica y política, con un impacto social y que contribuyan a la solución de problemas nacionales e internacionales. metadata SIN ESPECIFICAR mail mls@devnull.funiber.org (2022) MLS Law and International Politics. [Revista]

Este listado fue generado el Wed Mar 27 23:45:32 2024 UTC.

<a class="ep_document_link" href="/11265/1/Food%20Frontiers%20-%202024%20-%20Cassotta%20-%20Human%E2%80%90based%20new%20approach%20methodologies%20to%20accelerate%20advances%20in%20nutrition%20research.pdf"><img class="ep_doc_icon" alt="[img]" src="/style/images/fileicons/text.png" border="0"/></a>

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Human‐based new approach methodologies to accelerate advances in nutrition research

Much of nutrition research has been conventionally based on the use of simplistic in vitro systems or animal models, which have been extensively employed in an effort to better understand the relationships between diet and complex diseases as well as to evaluate food safety. Although these models have undeniably contributed to increase our mechanistic understanding of basic biological processes, they do not adequately model complex human physiopathological phenomena, creating concerns about the translatability to humans. During the last decade, extraordinary advancement in stem cell culturing, three-dimensional cell cultures, sequencing technologies, and computer science has occurred, which has originated a wealth of novel human-based and more physiologically relevant tools. These tools, also known as “new approach methodologies,” which comprise patient-derived organoids, organs-on-chip, multi-omics approach, along with computational models and analysis, represent innovative and exciting tools to forward nutrition research from a human-biology-oriented perspective. After considering some shortcomings of conventional in vitro and vivo approaches, here we describe the main novel available and emerging tools that are appropriate for designing a more human-relevant nutrition research. Our aim is to encourage discussion on the opportunity to explore innovative paths in nutrition research and to promote a paradigm-change toward a more human biology-focused approach to better understand human nutritional pathophysiology, to evaluate novel food products, and to develop more effective targeted preventive or therapeutic strategies while helping in reducing the number and replacing animals employed in nutrition research.

Producción Científica

Manuela Cassotta mail manucassotta@gmail.com, Danila Cianciosi mail , Maria Elexpuru Zabaleta mail maria.elexpuru@uneatlantico.es, Iñaki Elío Pascual mail inaki.elio@uneatlantico.es, Sandra Sumalla Cano mail sandra.sumalla@uneatlantico.es, Francesca Giampieri mail francesca.giampieri@uneatlantico.es, Maurizio Battino mail maurizio.battino@uneatlantico.es,

Cassotta

<a class="ep_document_link" href="/11322/1/journal.pone.0298582.pdf"><img class="ep_doc_icon" alt="[img]" src="/style/images/fileicons/text.png" border="0"/></a>

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Design and development of patient health tracking, monitoring and big data storage using Internet of Things and real time cloud computing

With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, social isolation and quarantine have become commonplace across the world. IoT health monitoring solutions eliminate the need for regular doctor visits and interactions among patients and medical personnel. Many patients in wards or intensive care units require continuous monitoring of their health. Continuous patient monitoring is a hectic practice in hospitals with limited staff; in a pandemic situation like COVID-19, it becomes much more difficult practice when hospitals are working at full capacity and there is still a risk of medical workers being infected. In this study, we propose an Internet of Things (IoT)-based patient health monitoring system that collects real-time data on important health indicators such as pulse rate, blood oxygen saturation, and body temperature but can be expanded to include more parameters. Our system is comprised of a hardware component that collects and transmits data from sensors to a cloud-based storage system, where it can be accessed and analyzed by healthcare specialists. The ESP-32 microcontroller interfaces with the multiple sensors and wirelessly transmits the collected data to the cloud storage system. A pulse oximeter is utilized in our system to measure blood oxygen saturation and body temperature, as well as a heart rate monitor to measure pulse rate. A web-based interface is also implemented, allowing healthcare practitioners to access and visualize the collected data in real-time, making remote patient monitoring easier. Overall, our IoT-based patient health monitoring system represents a significant advancement in remote patient monitoring, allowing healthcare practitioners to access real-time data on important health metrics and detect potential health issues before they escalate.

Producción Científica

Md. Milon Islam mail , Imran Shafi mail , Sadia Din mail , Siddique Farooq mail , Isabel de la Torre Díez mail , Jose Breñosa mail josemanuel.brenosa@uneatlantico.es, Julio César Martínez Espinosa mail ulio.martinez@unini.edu.mx, Imran Ashraf mail ,

Islam

<a class="ep_document_link" href="/10845/1/pharmaceuticals-17-00236.pdf"><img class="ep_doc_icon" alt="[img]" src="/style/images/fileicons/text.png" border="0"/></a>

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Isoflavones Effects on Vascular and Endothelial Outcomes: How Is the Gut Microbiota Involved?

Isoflavones are a group of (poly)phenols, also defined as phytoestrogens, with chemical structures comparable with estrogen, that exert weak estrogenic effects. These phytochemical compounds have been targeted for their proven antioxidant and protective effects. Recognizing the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), there is a growing interest in understanding the potential cardiovascular benefits associated with these phytochemical compounds. Gut microbiota may play a key role in mediating the effects of isoflavones on vascular and endothelial functions, as it is directly implicated in isoflavones metabolism. The findings from randomized clinical trials indicate that isoflavone supplementation may exert putative effects on vascular biomarkers among healthy individuals, but not among patients affected by cardiometabolic disorders. These results might be explained by the enzymatic transformation to which isoflavones are subjected by the gut microbiota, suggesting that a diverse composition of the microbiota may determine the diverse bioavailability of these compounds. Specifically, the conversion of isoflavones in equol—a microbiota-derived metabolite—seems to differ between individuals. Further studies are needed to clarify the intricate molecular mechanisms behind these contrasting results.

Producción Científica

Samuele Laudani mail , Justyna Godos mail , Giovanni Luca Romano mail , Lucia Gozzo mail , Federica Martina Di Domenico mail , Irma Dominguez Azpíroz mail irma.dominguez@unini.edu.mx, Raquel Martínez Díaz mail raquel.martinez@uneatlantico.es, Francesca Giampieri mail francesca.giampieri@uneatlantico.es, José L. Quiles mail jose.quiles@uneatlantico.es, Maurizio Battino mail maurizio.battino@uneatlantico.es, Filippo Drago mail , Fabio Galvano mail , Giuseppe Grosso mail ,

Laudani

<a class="ep_document_link" href="/11065/1/Deep_Learning_Approaches_for_Image_Captioning_Opportunities_Challenges_and_Future_Potential.pdf"><img class="ep_doc_icon" alt="[img]" src="/style/images/fileicons/text.png" border="0"/></a>

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Deep Learning Approaches for Image Captioning: Opportunities, Challenges and Future Potential

Generative intelligence relies heavily on the integration of vision and language. Much of the research has focused on image captioning, which involves describing images with meaningful sentences. Typically, when generating sentences that describe the visual content, a language model and a vision encoder are commonly employed. Because of the incorporation of object areas, properties, multi-modal connections, attentive techniques, and early fusion approaches like bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT), these components have experienced substantial advancements over the years. This research offers a reference to the body of literature, identifies emerging trends in an area that blends computer vision as well as natural language processing in order to maximize their complementary effects, and identifies the most significant technological improvements in architectures employed for image captioning. It also discusses various problem variants and open challenges. This comparison allows for an objective assessment of different techniques, architectures, and training strategies by identifying the most significant technical innovations, and offers valuable insights into the current landscape of image captioning research.

Producción Científica

Azhar Jamil mail , Saif Ur Rehman mail , Khalid Mahmood mail , Mónica Gracia Villar mail monica.gracia@uneatlantico.es, Thomas Prola mail thomas.prola@uneatlantico.es, Isabel De La Torre Diez mail , Md Abdus Samad mail , Imran Ashraf mail ,

Jamil

<a class="ep_document_link" href="/11174/1/Detecting_Pragmatic_Ambiguity_in_Requirement_Specification_Using_Novel_Concept_Maximum_Matching_Approach_Based_on_Graph_Network.pdf"><img class="ep_doc_icon" alt="[img]" src="/style/images/fileicons/text.png" border="0"/></a>

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Detecting Pragmatic Ambiguity in Requirement Specification Using Novel Concept Maximum Matching Approach Based on Graph Network

Requirements specifications written in natural language enable us to understand a program’s intended functionality, which we can then translate into operational software. At varying stages of requirement specification, multiple ambiguities emerge. Ambiguities may appear at several levels including the syntactic, semantic, domain, lexical, and pragmatic levels. The primary objective of this study is to identify requirements’ pragmatic ambiguity. Pragmatic ambiguity occurs when the same set of circumstances can be interpreted in multiple ways. It requires consideration of the context statement of the requirements. Prior research has developed methods for obtaining concepts based on individual nodes, so there is room for improvement in the requirements interpretation procedure. This research aims to develop a more effective model for identifying pragmatic ambiguity in requirement definition. To better interpret requirements, we introduced the Concept Maximum Matching (CMM) technique, which extracts concepts based on edges. The CMM technique significantly improves precision because it permits a more accurate interpretation of requirements based on the relative weight of their edges. Obtaining an F-measure score of 0.754 as opposed to 0.563 in existing models, the evaluation results demonstrate that CMM is a substantial improvement over the previous method.

Producción Científica

Khadija Aslam mail , Faiza Iqbal mail , Ayesha Altaf mail , Naveed Hussain mail , Mónica Gracia Villar mail monica.gracia@uneatlantico.es, Emmanuel Soriano Flores mail emmanuel.soriano@uneatlantico.es, Isabel De La Torre Diez mail , Imran Ashraf mail ,

Aslam