Software Cost and Effort Estimation: Current Approaches and Future Trends

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Detecting hate in diversity: a survey of multilingual code-mixed image and video analysis

The proliferation of damaging content on social media in today’s digital environment has increased the need for efficient hate speech identification systems. A thorough examination of hate speech detection methods in a variety of settings, such as code-mixed, multilingual, visual, audio, and textual scenarios, is presented in this paper. Unlike previous research focusing on single modalities, our study thoroughly examines hate speech identification across multiple forms. We classify the numerous types of hate speech, showing how it appears on different platforms and emphasizing the unique difficulties in multi-modal and multilingual settings. We fill research gaps by assessing a variety of methods, including deep learning, machine learning, and natural language processing, especially for complicated data like code-mixed and cross-lingual text. Additionally, we offer key technique comparisons, suggesting future research avenues that prioritize multi-modal analysis and ethical data handling, while acknowledging its benefits and drawbacks. This study attempts to promote scholarly research and real-world applications on social media platforms by acting as an essential resource for improving hate speech identification across various data sources.

Producción Científica

Hafiz Muhammad Raza Ur Rehman mail , Mahpara Saleem mail , Muhammad Zeeshan Jhandir mail , Eduardo René Silva Alvarado mail eduardo.silva@funiber.org, Helena Garay mail helena.garay@uneatlantico.es, Imran Ashraf mail ,

Raza Ur Rehman

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Client engagement solution for post implementation issues in software industry using blockchain

In the rapidly advanced and evolving information technology industry, adequate client engagement plays a critical role as it is very important to understand the client’s concerns, and requirements, have the records, authorizations, and go-ahead of previously agreed requirements, and provide the feasible solution accordingly. Previously multiple solutions have been proposed to enhance the efficiency of client engagement, but they lack traceability, trust, transparency, and conflict in agreements of previous contracts. Due to the lack of these shortcomings, the client requirement is getting delayed which is causing client escalations, integrity issues, project failure, and penalties. In this study, we proposed the UniferCollab framework to overcome the issues of collaboration between various teams, transparency, the record of client authorizations, and the go-ahead on previous developments by implementing blockchain technology. We store the data on the permissible network in the proposed approach. It allows us to compile all the requirements and information shared by clients on permissible blockchain to secure a large amount of data which enhances the traceability of all the requirements. All the authorizations from the client generate push notifications for any changes in their current system executed through smart contracts. It removes the ambiguity between various development teams if the client has only shared the requirement with one team. The data is stored in the decentralized network from where information is gathered which resolves the traceability, transparency, and trust issues. Lastly, evaluations involved a total of 800 hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) requests tested using Postman with blockchain block sizes ranging from 0.568 KB to 550 KB and an average size increase of 280 KB was observed as new blocks were added. The longest chain in the network was observed during 800 repetitions of blockchain operations. Latency analysis revealed that delays in processing HTTP requests were influenced by decentralized node processing, local machine response times, and internet bandwidth through various experiments. Results show that the proposed framework resolves all client engagement issues in implementation between all stakeholders which enhances trust, and transparency improves client experience and helps us manage disputes effectively.

Producción Científica

Muhammad Shoaib Farooq mail , Khurram Irshad mail , Danish Riaz mail , Nagwan Abdel Samee mail , Ernesto Bautista Thompson mail ernesto.bautista@unini.edu.mx, Daniel Gavilanes Aray mail daniel.gavilanes@uneatlantico.es, Imran Ashraf mail ,

Farooq

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Diet, Eating Habits, and Lifestyle Factors Associated with Adequate Sleep Duration in Children and Adolescents Living in 5 Mediterranean Countries: The DELICIOUS Project

Background/Objectives: Sleep is a fundamental physiological function that plays a crucial role in maintaining health and well-being. The aim of this study was to assess dietary and lifestyle factors associated with adequate sleep duration in children and adolescents living in five Mediterranean countries. Methods: Parents of children and adolescents taking part in an initial survey for the DELICIOUS project were examined to assess their children’s dietary and eating habits (i.e., meal routines), as well as other lifestyle behaviors (i.e., physical activity levels, screen time, etc.) potentially associated with adequate sleep duration (defined as 8–10 h according to the National Sleep Foundation). The youth healthy eating index (Y-HEI) was used to assess the diet quality of children and adolescents. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), indicating the level of association between variables. Results: A total of 2011 individuals participated in the survey. The adolescents and children of younger parents reported being more likely to have inadequate sleep duration. Among eating behaviors, having breakfast (OR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.62, 3.08) and eating at school (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.74) were associated with adequate sleep duration. In contrast, children eating alone, screen time, and eating outside of the home were less likely to have adequate sleep duration, although these findings were only significant in the unadjusted model. After adjusting for covariates, a better diet quality (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.24, 2.16), including higher intake of fruits, meat, fish, and whole grains, was associated with adequate sleep duration. Conclusions: Adequate sleep duration seems to be highly influenced by factors related to individual lifestyles, family and school eating behaviors, as well as diet quality.

Producción Científica

Justyna Godos mail , Alice Rosi mail , Francesca Scazzina mail , Maria Antonieta Touriz Bonifaz mail , Francesca Giampieri mail francesca.giampieri@uneatlantico.es, Osama Abdelkarim mail , Achraf Ammar mail , Mohamed Aly mail , Evelyn Frias-Toral mail , Juancho Pons mail , Laura Vázquez-Araújo mail , Josep Alemany Iturriaga mail josep.alemany@uneatlantico.es, Lorenzo Monasta mail , Ana Mata mail , Adrián Chacón mail , Pablo Busó mail , Giuseppe Grosso mail ,

Godos

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Ensemble stacked model for enhanced identification of sentiments from IMDB reviews

The emergence of social media platforms led to the sharing of ideas, thoughts, events, and reviews. The shared views and comments contain people’s sentiments and analysis of these sentiments has emerged as one of the most popular fields of study. Sentiment analysis in the Urdu language is an important research problem similar to other languages, however, it is not investigated very well. On social media platforms like X (Twitter), billions of native Urdu speakers use the Urdu script which makes sentiment analysis in the Urdu language important. In this regard, an ensemble model RRLS is proposed that stacks random forest, recurrent neural network, logistic regression (LR), and support vector machine (SVM). The Internet Movie Database (IMDB) movie reviews and Urdu tweets are examined in this study using Urdu sentiment analysis. The Urdu hack library was used to preprocess the Urdu data, which includes preprocessing operations including normalizing individual letters, merging them, including spaces, etc. concerning punctuation. The problem of accurately encoding Urdu characters and replacing Arabic letters with their Urdu equivalents is fixed by the normalization module. Several models are adopted in this study for extensive evaluation of their accuracy for Urdu sentiment analysis. While the results promising, among machine learning models, the SVM and LR attained an accuracy of 87%, according to performance criteria such as F-measure, accuracy, recall, and precision. The accuracy of the long short-term memory (LSTM) and bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) was 84%. The suggested ensemble RRLS model performs better than other learning algorithms and achieves a 90% accuracy rate, outperforming current methods. The use of the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) is observed to improve the performance and lead to 92.77% accuracy.

Producción Científica

Komal Azim mail , Alishba Tahir mail , Mobeen Shahroz mail , Hanen Karamti mail , Annia A. Vázquez mail annia.almeyda@uneatlantico.es, Angel Olider Rojas Vistorte mail angel.rojas@uneatlantico.es, Imran Ashraf mail ,

Azim

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Tensiomyography, functional movement screen and counter movement jump for the assessment of injury risk in sport: a systematic review of original studies of diagnostic tests

Background: Scientific research should be carried out to prevent sports injuries. For this purpose, new assessment technologies must be used to analyze and identify the risk factors for injury. The main objective of this systematic review was to compile, synthesize and integrate international research published in different scientific databases on Countermovement Jump (CMJ), Functional Movement Screen (FMS) and Tensiomyography (TMG) tests and technologies for the assessment of injury risk in sport. This way, this review determines the current state of the knowledge about this topic and allows a better understanding of the existing problems, making easier the development of future lines of research. Methodology: A structured search was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the PICOS model until November 30, 2024, in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, SciELO, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus and Scopus databases. The risk of bias was assessed and the PEDro scale was used to analyze methodological quality. Results: A total of 510 articles were obtained in the initial search. After inclusion and exclusion criteria, the final sample was 40 articles. These studies maintained a high standard of quality. This revealed the effects of the CMJ, FMS and TMG methods for sports injury assessment, indicating the sample population, sport modality, assessment methods, type of research design, study variables, main findings and intervention effects. Conclusions: The CMJ vertical jump allows us to evaluate the power capacity of the lower extremities, both unilaterally and bilaterally, detect neuromuscular asymmetries and evaluate fatigue. Likewise, FMS could be used to assess an athlete's basic movement patterns, mobility and postural stability. Finally, TMG is a non-invasive method to assess the contractile properties of superficial muscles, monitor the effects of training, detect muscle asymmetries, symmetries, provide information on muscle tone and evaluate fatigue. Therefore, they should be considered as assessment tests and technologies to individualize training programs and identify injury risk factors.

Producción Científica

Álvaro Velarde-Sotres mail alvaro.velarde@uneatlantico.es, Antonio Bores-Cerezal mail antonio.bores@uneatlantico.es, Josep Alemany Iturriaga mail josep.alemany@uneatlantico.es, Julio Calleja-González mail ,

Velarde-Sotres