TY - JOUR A1 - Benifa, J. V. Bibal A1 - Chola, Channabasava A1 - Muaad, Abdullah Y. A1 - Hayat, Mohd Ammar Bin A1 - Bin Heyat, Md Belal A1 - Mehrotra, Rajat A1 - Akhtar, Faijan A1 - Hussein, Hany S. A1 - Ramírez-Vargas, Debora L. A1 - Kuc Castilla, Ángel Gabriel A1 - Díez, Isabel de la Torre A1 - Khan, Salabat ID - unic7793 JF - Sensors SN - 1424-8220 UR - http://doi.org/10.3390/s23136090 AV - public Y1 - 2023/07// VL - 23 TI - FMDNet: An Efficient System for Face Mask Detection Based on Lightweight Model during COVID-19 Pandemic in Public Areas N2 - A new artificial intelligence-based approach is proposed by developing a deep learning (DL) model for identifying the people who violate the face mask protocol in public places. To achieve this goal, a private dataset was created, including different face images with and without masks. The proposed model was trained to detect face masks from real-time surveillance videos. The proposed face mask detection (FMDNet) model achieved a promising detection of 99.0% in terms of accuracy for identifying violations (no face mask) in public places. The model presented a better detection capability compared to other recent DL models such as FSA-Net, MobileNet V2, and ResNet by 24.03%, 5.0%, and 24.10%, respectively. Meanwhile, the model is lightweight and had a confidence score of 99.0% in a resource-constrained environment. The model can perform the detection task in real-time environments at 41.72 frames per second (FPS). Thus, the developed model can be applicable and useful for governments to maintain the rules of the SOP protocol. IS - 13 KW - artificial intelligence; COVID-19; deep learning; FaceMask; MobileNetV2; pandemic; SARS CoV-2; surveillance; World Health Organization ER -