eprintid: 26848 rev_number: 9 eprint_status: archive userid: 2 dir: disk0/00/02/68/48 datestamp: 2026-01-22 23:30:13 lastmod: 2026-01-22 23:30:13 status_changed: 2026-01-22 23:30:13 type: article metadata_visibility: show creators_name: Cassotta, Manuela creators_name: Cao, Qingwei creators_name: Hu, Haixia creators_name: Martinez, Carlos Rabeiro creators_name: Dzul López, Luis Alonso creators_name: Gracia Villar, Santos creators_name: Battino, Maurizio creators_name: Giampieri, Francesca creators_id: manucassotta@gmail.com creators_id: creators_id: creators_id: creators_id: luis.dzul@uneatlantico.es creators_id: santos.gracia@uneatlantico.es creators_id: maurizio.battino@uneatlantico.es creators_id: francesca.giampieri@uneatlantico.es title: Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review of Mechanistic and Clinical Evidence ispublished: pub subjects: uneat_sn divisions: uneatlantico_produccion_cientifica divisions: uninimx_produccion_cientifica divisions: unic_produccion_cientifica divisions: uniromana_produccion_cientifica full_text_status: public keywords: yerba mate; rheumatoid arthritis; anti-inflammatory activity; antioxidant activity; bone remodeling abstract: Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease driven by persistent inflammation and oxidative stress. Ilex paraguariensis (yerba mate) contains bioactive compounds—particularly chlorogenic acids, quercetin, and rutin—with documented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Objectives: To systematically review the mechanistic and clinical evidence on Ilex paraguariensis and its main constituents in RA-relevant inflammatory, oxidative, and bone metabolic pathways. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020, PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, and SciELO were searched up to September 2025. Eligible studies included yerba mate preparations (last 10 years) or isolated compounds (last 5 years) assessing RA-relevant clinical, inflammatory, oxidative, or bone metabolic outcomes. Non-original studies were excluded. Owing to heterogeneity, findings were narratively synthesized, and risk of bias was evaluated using RoB 2, ROBINS-I, OHAT, and SYRCLE. Results: Twenty-three studies met inclusion criteria: 11 human (clinical or observational), 7 human-based in vitro, and 5 animal studies. Interventions with yerba mate infusions or standardized extracts suggest reductions in inflammatory markers (e.g., C-reactive protein, interleukin-6) and indicate improvements in glutathione-related oxidative balance. Evidence from isolated compounds, particularly quercetin and rutin, suggests comparable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Preclinical studies appear to indicate modulation of inflammatory and redox pathways relevant to RA. Conclusions: Yerba mate and its constituents show preliminary indications of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects with potential relevance to RA pathophysiology. However, in the absence of clinical trials in RA patients, conclusions remain tentative, constrained by small sample sizes, methodological heterogeneity, species differences, and internal validity concerns. Future research should include rigorously designed randomized trials and mechanistic studies using advanced human-relevant platforms, such as organoids and organ-on-chip systems. date: 2025-12 publication: Nutrients volume: 17 number: 24 pagerange: 3853 id_number: doi:10.3390/nu17243853 refereed: TRUE issn: 2072-6643 official_url: http://doi.org/10.3390/nu17243853 access: open language: en citation: Artículo Materias > Alimentación Universidad Europea del Atlántico > Investigación > Producción Científica Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Producción Científica Universidad Internacional do Cuanza > Investigación > Artículos y libros Universidad de La Romana > Investigación > Producción Científica Abierto Inglés Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease driven by persistent inflammation and oxidative stress. Ilex paraguariensis (yerba mate) contains bioactive compounds—particularly chlorogenic acids, quercetin, and rutin—with documented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Objectives: To systematically review the mechanistic and clinical evidence on Ilex paraguariensis and its main constituents in RA-relevant inflammatory, oxidative, and bone metabolic pathways. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020, PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, and SciELO were searched up to September 2025. Eligible studies included yerba mate preparations (last 10 years) or isolated compounds (last 5 years) assessing RA-relevant clinical, inflammatory, oxidative, or bone metabolic outcomes. Non-original studies were excluded. Owing to heterogeneity, findings were narratively synthesized, and risk of bias was evaluated using RoB 2, ROBINS-I, OHAT, and SYRCLE. Results: Twenty-three studies met inclusion criteria: 11 human (clinical or observational), 7 human-based in vitro, and 5 animal studies. Interventions with yerba mate infusions or standardized extracts suggest reductions in inflammatory markers (e.g., C-reactive protein, interleukin-6) and indicate improvements in glutathione-related oxidative balance. Evidence from isolated compounds, particularly quercetin and rutin, suggests comparable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Preclinical studies appear to indicate modulation of inflammatory and redox pathways relevant to RA. Conclusions: Yerba mate and its constituents show preliminary indications of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects with potential relevance to RA pathophysiology. However, in the absence of clinical trials in RA patients, conclusions remain tentative, constrained by small sample sizes, methodological heterogeneity, species differences, and internal validity concerns. Future research should include rigorously designed randomized trials and mechanistic studies using advanced human-relevant platforms, such as organoids and organ-on-chip systems. metadata Cassotta, Manuela; Cao, Qingwei; Hu, Haixia; Martinez, Carlos Rabeiro; Dzul López, Luis Alonso; Gracia Villar, Santos; Battino, Maurizio y Giampieri, Francesca mail manucassotta@gmail.com, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, luis.dzul@uneatlantico.es, santos.gracia@uneatlantico.es, maurizio.battino@uneatlantico.es, francesca.giampieri@uneatlantico.es (2025) Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review of Mechanistic and Clinical Evidence. Nutrients, 17 (24). p. 3853. ISSN 2072-6643 document_url: http://repositorio.unic.co.ao/id/eprint/26848/1/nutrients-17-03853.pdf