?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_id=doi%3A10.1186%2Fs40537-025-01167-w&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.au=Raza+Ur+Rehman%2C+Hafiz+Muhammad&rft.aulast=Raza+Ur+Rehman&rft.aufirst=Hafiz+Muhammad&rft.title=Journal+of+Big+Data&rft.atitle=Detecting+hate+in+diversity%3A+a+survey+of+multilingual+code-mixed+image+and+video+analysis&rft.date=Mayo+2025&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.issn=2196-1115&rft.genre=article