TY  - JOUR
AV  - public
UR  - http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295036
SN  - 1932-6203
JF  - PLOS ONE
ID  - unic11176
A1  - Alam, Shadab
A1  - Farooq, Muhammad Shoaib
A1  - Ansari, Zain Khalid
A1  - Alvi, Atif
A1  - Rustam, Furqan
A1  - Díez, Isabel De La Torre
A1  - Vidal Mazón, Juan Luis
A1  - Rodríguez Velasco, Carmen Lilí
A1  - Ashraf, Imran
IS  - 1
KW  - Blockchain
N2  - The wheat crop that fulfills 35% of human food demand is facing several problems due to a lack of transparency, security, reliability, and traceability in the existing agriculture supply chain. Many systems have been developed for the agriculture supply chain to overcome such issues, however, monopolistic centralized control is the biggest hurdle to realizing the use of such systems. It has eventually gained consumers? trust in branded products and rejected other products due to the lack of traceable supply chain information. This study proposes a blockchain-based framework for supply chain traceability which provides trustable, transparent, secure, and reliable services for the wheat crop. A crypto token called wheat coin (WC) has been introduced to keep track of transactions among the stakeholders of the wheat supply chain. Moreover, an initial coin offering (ICO) of WC, crypto wallets, and an economic model are proposed. Furthermore, a smart contract-based transaction system has been devised for the transparency of wheat crop transactions and conversion of WC to fiat and vice versa. We have developed the interplanetary file system (IPFS) to improve data availability, security, and transparency which stores encrypted private data of farmers, businesses, and merchants. Lastly, the results of the experiments show that the proposed framework shows better performance as compared to previous crop supply chain solutions in terms of latency to add-blocks, per-minute transactions, average gas charge for the transaction, and transaction verification time. Performance analysis with Bitcoin and Ethereum shows the superior performance of the proposed system.
TI  - Blockchain based transparent and reliable framework for wheat crop supply chain
Y1  - 2024/01//
VL  - 19
ER  -