relation: http://repositorio.unic.co.ao/id/eprint/11176/ canonical: http://repositorio.unic.co.ao/id/eprint/11176/ title: Blockchain based transparent and reliable framework for wheat crop supply chain creator: Alam, Shadab creator: Farooq, Muhammad Shoaib creator: Ansari, Zain Khalid creator: Alvi, Atif creator: Rustam, Furqan creator: Díez, Isabel De La Torre creator: Vidal Mazón, Juan Luis creator: Rodríguez Velasco, Carmen Lilí creator: Ashraf, Imran subject: Ingeniería description: The wheat crop that fulfills 35% of human food demand is facing several problems due to a lack of transparency, security, reliability, and traceability in the existing agriculture supply chain. Many systems have been developed for the agriculture supply chain to overcome such issues, however, monopolistic centralized control is the biggest hurdle to realizing the use of such systems. It has eventually gained consumers’ trust in branded products and rejected other products due to the lack of traceable supply chain information. This study proposes a blockchain-based framework for supply chain traceability which provides trustable, transparent, secure, and reliable services for the wheat crop. A crypto token called wheat coin (WC) has been introduced to keep track of transactions among the stakeholders of the wheat supply chain. Moreover, an initial coin offering (ICO) of WC, crypto wallets, and an economic model are proposed. Furthermore, a smart contract-based transaction system has been devised for the transparency of wheat crop transactions and conversion of WC to fiat and vice versa. We have developed the interplanetary file system (IPFS) to improve data availability, security, and transparency which stores encrypted private data of farmers, businesses, and merchants. Lastly, the results of the experiments show that the proposed framework shows better performance as compared to previous crop supply chain solutions in terms of latency to add-blocks, per-minute transactions, average gas charge for the transaction, and transaction verification time. Performance analysis with Bitcoin and Ethereum shows the superior performance of the proposed system. date: 2024-01 type: Artículo type: PeerReviewed format: text language: en rights: cc_by_4 identifier: http://repositorio.unic.co.ao/id/eprint/11176/1/journal.pone.0295036.pdf identifier: Artículo Materias > Ingeniería Universidad Europea del Atlántico > Investigación > Producción Científica Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana México > Investigación > Producción Científica Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana Puerto Rico > Investigación > Producción Científica Universidad Internacional do Cuanza > Investigación > Producción Científica Abierto Inglés The wheat crop that fulfills 35% of human food demand is facing several problems due to a lack of transparency, security, reliability, and traceability in the existing agriculture supply chain. Many systems have been developed for the agriculture supply chain to overcome such issues, however, monopolistic centralized control is the biggest hurdle to realizing the use of such systems. It has eventually gained consumers’ trust in branded products and rejected other products due to the lack of traceable supply chain information. This study proposes a blockchain-based framework for supply chain traceability which provides trustable, transparent, secure, and reliable services for the wheat crop. A crypto token called wheat coin (WC) has been introduced to keep track of transactions among the stakeholders of the wheat supply chain. Moreover, an initial coin offering (ICO) of WC, crypto wallets, and an economic model are proposed. Furthermore, a smart contract-based transaction system has been devised for the transparency of wheat crop transactions and conversion of WC to fiat and vice versa. We have developed the interplanetary file system (IPFS) to improve data availability, security, and transparency which stores encrypted private data of farmers, businesses, and merchants. Lastly, the results of the experiments show that the proposed framework shows better performance as compared to previous crop supply chain solutions in terms of latency to add-blocks, per-minute transactions, average gas charge for the transaction, and transaction verification time. Performance analysis with Bitcoin and Ethereum shows the superior performance of the proposed system. metadata Alam, Shadab; Farooq, Muhammad Shoaib; Ansari, Zain Khalid; Alvi, Atif; Rustam, Furqan; Díez, Isabel De La Torre; Vidal Mazón, Juan Luis; Rodríguez Velasco, Carmen Lilí y Ashraf, Imran mail SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, SIN ESPECIFICAR, juanluis.vidal@uneatlantico.es, carmen.rodriguez@uneatlantico.es, SIN ESPECIFICAR (2024) Blockchain based transparent and reliable framework for wheat crop supply chain. PLOS ONE, 19 (1). e0295036. ISSN 1932-6203 relation: http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295036 relation: doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0295036 language: en